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High and low voltage switchgear room layout and requirements

Release time:

2025-06-19

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Abstract

The following are High and Low Voltage Substation Layout and Requirements:

Site Selection Requirements

Close to the load center: As close as possible to the power load center to reduce power loss, voltage loss, and the consumption of non-ferrous metals in the power distribution system.
Convenient access: The location should facilitate the introduction and extraction of overhead lines and cable lines.
Convenient equipment transportation: Consider the transportation convenience of large equipment such as power transformers and high and low voltage complete sets of distribution devices to ensure that the equipment can be smoothly transported to the installation location.
Avoid adverse environments: It should not be located in places with severe vibrations or high temperatures. If it cannot be avoided, vibration prevention and heat insulation measures should be taken; it should not be located in dusty or corrosive gas environments. If it cannot be avoided, it should not be located on the leeward side of the pollution source; it should not be located directly below toilets, bathrooms, and other places where water often accumulates, and it should not be adjacent to such places; it should be avoided in places directly above or below environments with explosion or fire hazards.
Terrain considerations: It should not be located in low-lying areas or places where water may accumulate. It should be higher than the highest recorded flood water level in recent years.

Overall Layout Requirements

Compact and reasonable: The overall layout should be compact and reasonable, facilitating equipment operation, handling, maintenance and repair, performance testing, and patrol inspection. It should also reserve a certain amount of development space to meet future electricity demand.
Clear functional zoning: Generally divided into high-voltage switchgear room, transformer room, low-voltage switchgear room, etc. There should be clear separation between each part, and the connection between them should be convenient and quick. It should also consider the connection with other rooms in the substation, such as the control room, duty room, and maintenance room.
Good ventilation and lighting: Make full use of natural lighting and ventilation conditions. The transformer room and capacitor room should avoid direct sunlight from the west, while the control room should face south as much as possible. The high-voltage switchgear room should have non-opening natural light windows at least 1.80m above the outdoor ground level. The low-voltage switchgear room can have opening natural light windows that do not face the street.
Suitable ground height: The floor of the switchgear room, control room, duty room, etc., should be 150~300mm higher than the outdoor ground. When attached to the workshop, it can be flush with the workshop floor.

High-Voltage Switchgear Room Layout Requirements

Independent setting: High-voltage switchgear with flammable oil should be installed in a separate switchgear room; when the number of 10(6)kV high-voltage switch cabinets is less than 6, it can be set in the same room as the low-voltage switchboard, but it should not be arranged face-to-face.
Passage width: When arranged in a single row, the width of the passage in front of the cabinet is not less than 800mm, and the width of the passage behind the cabinet is not less than 600mm; when arranged in double rows, the width of the passage in front of the cabinet is not less than 1200mm, and the width of the passage behind the cabinet is not less than 800mm; when the high-voltage switch cabinet is arranged against the wall, the distance between its side and the wall should be not less than 200mm, and the distance between the back and the wall should be not less than 50mm.
Exit setting: When the length exceeds 7 meters, two exits should be set, and they should be arranged at both ends. When the length exceeds 60 meters, an additional exit should be added. When the length of the switchgear exceeds 6 meters, the passage behind the cabinet should also have two exits.
Reserve spare space: The high-voltage switchgear room should reserve spare space for switch cabinets to meet future expansion needs.

Transformer Room Layout Requirements

Spacing requirements: The minimum net distance between the transformer shell and the walls and doors of the transformer room should comply with relevant regulations. When multiple dry-type transformers are arranged in the same room, the net distance between the protective shells of the transformers should also meet the corresponding standards.
Good ventilation: Good ventilation is required. The setting of air inlets and outlets should meet the requirements of transformer heat dissipation, and the distance between the air inlets and outlets should be appropriate to avoid the formation of hot air circulation.
Oil barrier facilities: For flammable oil-immersed transformers, oil barrier facilities capable of containing 100% of the transformer oil or an oil sump capable of containing at least 20% of the transformer oil should be provided to prevent transformer oil leakage from causing fires or environmental pollution.
Door size: The size of the transformer room door is usually designed by adding 0.5 meters to the dimensions of the transformer. If the width of a door reaches or exceeds 1.5 meters, a small door with a width of 0.8 meters or 1.8 meters should be installed on this door for daily operation and quick evacuation in emergencies.

Low-Voltage Switchgear Room Layout Requirements

Exit setting: When the length exceeds 7 meters, two exits should be set at both ends; when the length of the low-voltage switchboard arranged in rows exceeds 6 meters, two exits should be set behind the screen. When the distance between the two exits exceeds 15 meters, an additional exit should be added.
Passage width: When fixed cabinets are arranged in a single row, the width of the passage in front of the cabinet is not less than 1.5 meters, and when arranged in double rows, the width of the passage in front of the cabinet is not less than 2 meters; when drawer cabinets are arranged in a single row, the width of the passage in front of the cabinet is not less than 1.6 meters, and when arranged in double rows, the width of the passage in front of the cabinet is not less than 2.3 meters. The width of the maintenance passage behind the screen should not be less than 0.8 meters when restricted, and the width of the maintenance passage on the side of the screen should not be less than 1 meter.
Height requirements: The height of the low-voltage switchgear room should be considered comprehensively with the transformer room. Generally speaking, if the switchgear room is adjacent to a transformer room with a raised floor, its height should be set to 4 to 4.5 meters; if it is adjacent to a transformer room without a raised floor, the height should be 3.5 to 4 meters. When the switchgear room uses cable inlets, the height can be reduced to 3 meters.

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Intelligent Development Trends of Switchgear

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Hunan Chengyuan Electrical CO.,LTD

High and low voltage switchgear room layout and requirements